Europe’s efforts to retain strategic processing capacity face challenges because copper, zinc, lead and refined nickel remain outside the current scope of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). European
Category Added in a WPeMatico Campaign
European lithium-processing investments remain exposed to international competition because the principal raw and refined forms of lithium can enter the EU without a charge under the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
Zinc and lead remain important to European industrial supply chains despite receiving less strategic attention than lithium and rare earths. Zinc is widely used in galvanised steel and corrosion protection,
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Europe’s aluminium market could be moving towards a more transparent way of valuing low-carbon metal as the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) changes the economics of imports. Although
Europe’s aluminium transition is increasingly shaped by competition between primary metal production, recycled aluminium and secondary processing. The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is adding to the commercial
Copper is essential to Europe’s energy transition, supporting electricity grids, renewable power generation, electric vehicle charging, data centres and industrial electrification. Yet the metal remains outside the European Union’s current
Europe’s copper security depends not only on opening new mines but also on its ability to process copper concentrate into refined metal. Smelting and refining capacity is essential for industrial
Zinc and lead remain essential to Europe’s industrial base, despite receiving less strategic attention than lithium and rare earth elements. Both metals support critical manufacturing activities, from galvanised steel and